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European Union Policy Studies

Regional Economic Outlook Europe

Europe’s economy is recovering, benefiting from a strong crises’ response. Yet, the recovery is falling short of its full potential. Uncertainty about persistent core inflation, policy directions, and geopolitical conflicts, is dampening the near-term outlook. In the longer term, perennially weak productivity growth—a result of limited scale and business dynamism–-amid new headwinds from fragmentation and climate change are holding back growth potential. Steady macro policies are needed to navigate an uncertain environment. This requires transitioning to a neutral monetary policy stance and reducing fiscal deficits without jeopardizing the recovery. Policymakers also need to tackle barriers to higher potential growth. A larger and more integrated single market for goods, services, and capital will incentivize investment, innovation, and generate scale benefits. Deepening European integration will also strengthen economic resilience by insulating businesses and labor markets from global...
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EIC Impact Report 2025

🇪🇺 The report demonstrates the significant progress the EIC has made to become the investor of choice for European deep tech entrepreneurs. Here are some highlights from this year’s edition.  EIC Fund's impressive investment record ✅️ The EIC Fund has emerged as a leading early-stage technology investor in Europe. It has completed over 150 investment rounds in start-ups and SMEs, under Horizon Europe, including 60 rounds in 2024 alone.  The Fund has also attracted more than €2.6 billion in co-investment in direct equity rounds, primarily from private investors, equating to over €3 of additional investment for every euro of EIC Fund's direct investment since it was established in 2020.  Accelerating start-up growth 🔺️ The EIC has been instrumental in accelerating the growth trajectory of start-ups. Over 70 EIC-backed companies have attained 'centaur' status, with valuations exceeding €100 million, and six of these companies are valued at over €500 million.  On aver...

EIC Tech Report 2024

🇪🇺 The European Innovation Council (EIC) has released its 2024 Tech Report, highlighting 34 emerging technologies and breakthrough innovations that could shape the industries of tomorrow. Drawing on EIC’s internal data and the views of experts in the field, 📝®️ the report identifies early stage trends of novel technologies with the potential to make major impacts on economic growth, Europe’s technological independence, and secure its place on the global stage as a leader in the next generation of breakthrough innovation. Pioneering future technologies for a competitive Europe 🇪🇺 The report delves into emerging technologies that are critical for Europe’s future—green technologies, healthcare, digital transformation, industrial advancements, and space exploration. Areas include plant-based biomanufacturing, cutting-edge drug development techniques like targeted protein degradation, miniaturised quantum systems, and technology for very low Earth orbit satellites.  The report prov...

Trump Tariffs

Trump Tariffs: The Economic Impact of the Trump Trade War Scenario Tariffs 1 – and Tariffs 20% 60% Universal China Scenario Mexico 2 – 25% and Tariffs Tariffs Canada 10% and China Total Canada/ Mexico China GDP-1.3%-0.4%-0.3%-0.1% Capital Stock-1.4%-0.3%-0.2%-0.1% PreTax Wages 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% FullTime Equivalent Employment-1.1 million-330,000-269,000-60,000Trump Tariffs: The Economic Impact of the Trump Trade War 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2025 through 2034 Scenario 1, Conventional, in Billions $318.3 $331.1 $346.2 $360.9 $374.7 $388.8 $403.2 $418.3 $433.5 $448.9 $3,823.9 Scenario 1, Dynamic, in Billions $256.8 $264.3 $274.5 $287.4 $298.5 $309.9 $320.5 $334.6 $347.2 $359.3 $3,052.9 Scenario 2, China Subtotal, Conventional $22.8 $22.6 $22.7 $23.2 $23.7 $24.2 $24.7 $25.2 $25.7 $26.2 $240.9 Scenario 2, Canada Subtotal, Conventional $36.3 $36.0 $36.2 $36.8 $37.7 $38.4 $39.3 $40.1 $41.0 $41.7 $383.4 Scenario 2, Mexico Subtotal, Conventional $47.0 $46.6 $46.9 $47.7...

AVRUPA PARLAMENTOSU VE KONSEY DİREKTİFİ (AB) 2024/1760 | AEA (Avrupa Ekonomik Alanı)

  Sınırda karbon düzenleme mekanizmasını tesis eden 10 Mayıs 2023 tarihli ve (AB) 2023/956 sayılı AVRUPA PARLAMENTOSU VE KONSEY TÜZÜĞÜ (AEA ile ilişkili metin)  Avrupa Birliği Antlaşması'nın (TEU) 2. Maddesinde belirtildiği gibi Birlik, Temel Şart'ta yer alan insan onuruna saygı, özgürlük, demokrasi, eşitlik, hukukun üstünlüğü ve insan haklarına saygı değerleri üzerine kurulmuştur. Avrupa Birliği'nin Hakları ("Şart"). Birliğin kendi oluşumuna ilham veren temel değerlerin yanı sıra insan haklarının evrenselliği ve bölünmezliği ile Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Şartı ve uluslararası hukuk ilkelerine saygı, Birliğin uluslararası alanda eylemine rehberlik etmelidir. sahne. Bu eylem, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sürdürülebilir ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel kalkınmasını teşvik etmeyi içerir.Küresel değer zincirleri ve özellikle kritik hammadde değer zincirleri, doğal veya insan yapımı tehlikelerin zararlı etkilerinden etkilenmektedir. Kritik değer zincirlerine yönelik risk ...

GLOBAL EUROPE IN THE FACE OF MULTIPLE INTERNATIONAL CRISES

  GLOBAL EUROPE IN THE FACE OF MULTIPLE INTERNATIONAL CRISES 1.2.1. Post-Brexit and Nation-State The UK was not an original member of the EEC. It joined it late in 1973,and never became part of the Schengen Agreement or the eurozone. In2014, the UK’s right-wing populist political party, the UK IndependenceParty (UKIP) was able to capture 24 out of 73 seats of Britain’s in its election to the European Parliament.  The UKIP and Eurosceptic members within the Conservative Party, pressurised the UK’s the then PrimeMinister, David Cameron,to hold a referendum on the EU membership,which he pledged only if Conservatives won the 2015 general elections. After gaining amajority in general elections, Cameron’s gamble was put tothe test. He himself supported remaining in the EU hoping that the Britishpublic would vote in favour of the EU. However, on June 23, 2016, 17.4million voted to leave the EU while 16.1 million voted to remain part of it.The following day, David Cameron resigned as ...

EU-UK RELATIONS

  EU-UK relations: Joint Committee adopts new Windsor Framework arrangements and Partnership Council looks to the future London, 24 March 2023 The tenth meeting of the EU-UK Joint Committee and the second meeting of the EU-UK Partnership Council took place in London today. Vice-President Maroš Šefčovič represented the European Union, while UK Foreign Secretary, James Cleverly, represented the United Kingdom. A joint statement following both meetings is available online here . Joint Committee The Joint Committee adopted today a decision laying down the arrangements relating to the Windsor Framework. This decision covers, amongst others, the arrangements for the movement of goods not at risk of entering the Single Market, the “Stormont Brake”, and VAT and excise-related solutions, including the establishment of the Enhanced Coordination Mechanism for VAT and excise. A series of Recommendations, Joint Declarations and Unilateral Declarations have also been published, clarifying how di...